深色模式
人教版初中英语九年级全一册（下）·全册学习资料
一、本册知识大纲
Unit 9 I like music that I can dance to.
- 话题：Preference 偏好（音乐、电影等）
- 语法：定语从句（关系代词 that / which / who）
- 功能项目：表达自己的喜好并陈述理由
- 核心句型：
- I like music that I can dance to.
- I prefer movies that give me something to think about.
- What kind of music do you like?
- 重点词汇：prefer, lyric, gentle, electronic, suppose, smooth, spare, director, case, war, stick, down, dialog, ending, documentary, drama, plenty, shut, superhero, horror, intelligent
Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands.
- 话题：Customs & Manners 风俗习惯与礼仪
- 语法：be supposed to + 动词原形；be expected to + 动词原形
- 功能项目：谈论不同国家的风俗习惯和社交礼仪
- 核心句型：
- You're supposed to shake hands.
- You should have asked what you were supposed to wear.
- It's rude to stick your chopsticks into the food.
- 重点词汇：custom, bow, kiss, greet, relaxed, value, capital, noon, mad, effort, manner, elbow, gradually, suggestion, behave, except, plate, politely, empty, basic, exchange, teenager, Grand Central Station
Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry.
- 话题：Feelings & Emotions 感受与情绪
- 语法：使役动词 make / let / have 的用法；make + sb. + adj. / do sth.
- 功能项目：描述事物对人情绪和感受的影响
- 核心句型：
- Sad movies make me cry.
- Waiting for him made me angry.
- Loud music makes me nervous.
- The movie made her sad.
- 重点词汇：friendship, king, prime, minister, fame, pale, queen, examine, nor, palace, power, wealth, prime minister, genuinely, black, grey, lemon, uncomfortable, weigh, shoulder, goal, kick, courage, pull, nation, rather
Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.
- 话题：Unexpected events 意外事件
- 语法：过去完成时 (had + done) 与 when / before / by the time 引导的时间状语从句连用
- 功能项目：讲述过去发生的意外事件
- 核心句型：
- By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
- Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
- Life is full of the unexpected.
- 重点词汇：unexpected, by the time, backpack, oversleep, give... a lift, miss, block, worker, above, airport, till, west, cream, pie, bean, market, manage, mistake, discovery, lady, officer, believable, embarrassing, announce, cancel, set off, venue,熟透的, burned
Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth!
- 话题：Environmental protection 环境保护
- 语法：被动语态（各种时态的被动语态）；现在进行时被动语态 (am/is/are being done)
- 功能项目：谈论环境问题，提出保护建议
- 核心句型：
- We're trying to save the earth!
- The river used to be so clean.
- The air is badly polluted.
- No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health.
- 重点词汇：litter, bottom, fisherman, coal, ugly, cost, wooden, plastic, make a difference, recycle, gate, bottle, president, inspiration, iron, work, metal, creativity, creativity, throw away, paper, afford, take away, occasion, laptop, mobile, appetite, cruel, chain
Unit 14 I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.
- 话题：Looking back at school days 回顾初中生活
- 语法：remember / forget / regret + doing sth. 与 remember / forget / regret + to do sth. 的区别；动名词与不定式作宾语
- 功能项目：回顾过去，表达感谢、祝愿和离别之情
- 核心句型：
- I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.
- I regret not studying harder.
- I hope to pass the exam.
- I look forward to seeing you again.
- 重点词汇：survey, standard, row, keyboard, instruction, double, shall, overcome, congratulate, talented, graduation, ceremony, first of all, thirsty, thankful, task, ahead, separate, wing, carry on, ours, responsible, be proud of, set out, separate from
全册语法体系图
| 单元 | 核心语法 | 难度等级 |
|---|---|---|
| Unit 9 | 定语从句（that / which / who） | ★★★★☆ |
| Unit 10 | be supposed to / be expected to | ★★★☆☆ |
| Unit 11 | 使役动词 make / let / have | ★★★☆☆ |
| Unit 12 | 过去完成时 (had done) | ★★★★☆ |
| Unit 13 | 被动语态（各种时态） | ★★★★☆ |
| Unit 14 | 动名词与不定式作宾语 | ★★★★☆ |
二、各单元重要考点详解
Unit 9 考点详解
1. 定语从句（一）——关系代词 that / which / who
定语从句是九年级下册最核心的语法项目，也是中考必考内容。定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来修饰名词或代词（即先行词）。
（1）基本结构：
先行词 + 关系代词 (that / which / who) + 从句
（2）关系代词的选择：
| 先行词 | 关系代词 | 在从句中充当的成分 |
|---|---|---|
| 人 | who / that | 主语、宾语 |
| 物 | which / that | 主语、宾语 |
| 人+物 | that | 主语、宾语 |
（3）只能用 that 的情况：
- 先行词是不定代词 (all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing, everyone 等) 时
- 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only, the very, the same 修饰时
- 先行词既有人又有物时
- 主句是以 who / which 开头的特殊疑问句时
例题：
This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. 答案：that（先行词被最高级 the best 修饰，只能用 that）
The boy ______ is standing there is my brother. 答案：who / that（先行词是人，且在从句中作主语）
（4）只能用 which 的情况：
- 引导非限制性定语从句（从句前有逗号隔开）时
- 介词后只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人）
例题：
He has a daughter, ______ works in Beijing. 答案：who（非限制性定语从句不能用 that）
This is the house in ______ he lived ten years ago. 答案：which（介词后不能用 that）
2. prefer 的用法
- prefer A to B（喜欢A胜过B）: I prefer tea to coffee.
- prefer doing A to doing B: She prefers reading to watching TV.
- prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.: I prefer to walk rather than take a bus.
- prefer + that 从句（虚拟语气用 should do）: I prefer that he (should) go at once.
3. suppose 的用法
- be supposed to do = should do（应该做）
- suppose + that 从句（猜想……）: I suppose (that) he is right.
- suppose so / not（认为是这样/不是这样）
Unit 10 考点详解
1. be supposed to do sth.
- 意为"应该做某事；被期望做某事"，相当于 should do sth. 或 be expected to do sth.
- 否定形式：be not supposed to do sth.（不应该做某事）
- 过去时：was / were supposed to do（本应该做但未做）
例句：
- You're supposed to bow in Japan. 在日本你应该鞠躬。
- You were supposed to arrive on time. 你本该准时到达。
- You're not supposed to make noise in the library. 你不应该在图书馆喧哗。
2. be expected to do sth.
- 被期望做某事；应该做某事
- 语气比 be supposed to 更正式一些
例句：
- Children are expected to respect their elders. 孩子们应该尊敬长辈。
3. 关于礼仪的重点表达
- drop by = visit informally（顺便拜访）
- after all（毕竟；终究）
- get used to doing sth.（习惯于做某事）
- make an effort to do sth.（努力做某事）
- cut up（切碎）
- point at（指向）
- go out of one's way to do sth.（特地做某事；格外努力）
4. 动名词的被动形式
- be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事（to 是介词）
- 对比：be used to do sth. 被用来做某事（to 是不定式符号）
Unit 11 考点详解
1. 使役动词 make / let / have 的用法
| 使役动词 | 结构 | 含义 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| make | make sb. do sth. | 使某人做某事 | He made me laugh. |
| make | make sb. + adj. | 使某人感到…… | The news made her sad. |
| let | let sb. do sth. | 让某人做某事 | Let me help you. |
| have | have sb. do sth. | 让/叫某人做某事 | I'll have him call you back. |
| have | have sth. done | 让别人做某事 | I had my hair cut yesterday. |
注意：
- make sb. do sth. 在被动语态中要还原 to：be made to do sth.
- let 没有被动语态
例题：
The workers were made ______ 12 hours a day in the old days. 答案：to work（make 的被动语态要还原 to）
2. make 的复合结构
- make + 宾语 + 形容词（作宾补）：Loud music makes me nervous.
- make + 宾语 + 名词（作宾补）：We made him our monitor.
- make + 宾语 + 过去分词（作宾补）：He made himself understood.
3. 重点短语
- would rather... than...（宁愿……也不愿……）
- neither... nor...（既不……也不……）
- let... down（使……失望）
- kick sb. off（开除某人）
- pull together（齐心协力）
- to start with（起初；首先）
Unit 12 考点详解
1. 过去完成时 (Past Perfect Tense)
构成：had + 过去分词 (done)
用法：
- 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即"过去的过去"
- 常与 by the time, before, when, after, until 等引导的时间状语从句连用
- 常与 already, yet, ever, never, just 等副词连用
时间关系图：
过去完成时(had done) ← 过去某个时间点 ← 现在
（过去的过去）例题：
By the time we ______ (arrive), the meeting ______ already ______ (begin). 答案：arrived; had; begun（by the time 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时）
2. by the time 的用法
- By the time + 一般过去时从句，主句用过去完成时
- By the time + 一般现在时从句，主句用将来完成时
例句：
- By the time I got to the station, the train had left.
- By the time you come back, I will have finished the work.
3. 重点词汇与短语
- get dressed（穿好衣服）
- rush out（冲出去）
- give sb. a lift = give sb. a ride（捎某人一程）
- in line with（与……成一排）
- be about to do sth.（即将做某事）
- hundreds of（成百上千的）
Unit 13 考点详解
1. 被动语态（各种时态的被动语态）
| 时态 | 结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | am/is/are + done | The book is read by many people. |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | The bridge was built in 1990. |
| 一般将来时 | will be + done / be going to be + done | The problem will be solved soon. |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are being + done | A new school is being built. |
| 过去进行时 | was/were being + done | The house was being painted then. |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + done | The work has been finished. |
| 过去完成时 | had been + done | He said the letter had been sent. |
| 含情态动词 | can/may/must/should + be + done | The work must be done today. |
重要规则：
- 只有及物动词才有被动语态
- 被动语态后接动作执行者时用 by + 执行者
- 感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中接省略 to 的不定式，被动语态中要还原 to
例题：
The novel ______ (translate) into many languages since it was published. 答案：has been translated（since 引导的时间状语提示用现在完成时被动语态）
2. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤
- 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
- 将谓语动词变为"be + 过去分词"，并根据新主语的人称和数以及原句的时态确定 be 的形式
- 将主动语态的主语变为 by 的宾语（可省略）
例句转换：
- 主动：People grow rice in the south.
- 被动：Rice is grown in the south (by people).
3. make a difference 的用法
- make a difference（有影响；起作用）
- make a difference to...（对……产生影响）
- make no difference（没有区别；无关紧要）
4. 重点短语
- throw away（扔掉）
- put sth. to good use（好好利用某物）
- pull down（拆毁）
- bring back（恢复；使想起）
- take away（拿走）
- be harmful to = do harm to（对……有害）
- at the top of（在……顶部）
- take part in = join in（参加）
Unit 14 考点详解
1. 动名词与不定式作宾语的区别
（1）接动名词 (doing) 作宾语的动词/短语：
| 动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| enjoy | enjoy reading books |
| finish | finish doing homework |
| practice | practice playing the piano |
| keep | keep trying |
| mind | mind opening the window |
| suggest | suggest going there |
| consider | consider buying a new car |
| miss | miss seeing the film |
| imagine | imagine living on Mars |
| avoid | avoid making mistakes |
| can't help | can't help laughing |
| feel like | feel like eating something |
| give up | give up smoking |
| put off | put off having the meeting |
| be busy | be busy preparing for the exam |
| be used to | be used to getting up early |
| look forward to | look forward to meeting you |
| be worth | The book is worth reading. |
（2）接不定式 (to do) 作宾语的动词：
| 动词 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| want | want to go |
| hope | hope to pass the exam |
| wish | wish to see you |
| decide | decide to study abroad |
| agree | agree to help us |
| refuse | refuse to answer |
| promise | promise to come back |
| plan | plan to visit Beijing |
| afford | can't afford to buy a car |
| manage | manage to finish the work |
| happen | happen to meet him |
| seem | seem to know the truth |
| fail | fail to pass the exam |
| learn | learn to swim |
| offer | offer to help |
| prepare | prepare to leave |
（3）既可接 doing 又可接 to do，但含义不同的动词：
| 动词 | doing 含义 | to do 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| remember | remember doing（记得做过） | remember to do（记得去做） |
| forget | forget doing（忘了做过） | forget to do（忘了去做） |
| regret | regret doing（后悔做过） | regret to do（遗憾地去做/告诉） |
| stop | stop doing（停止正在做的事） | stop to do（停下来去做另一件事） |
| try | try doing（试着做，看效果） | try to do（努力/试图做） |
| mean | mean doing（意味着做） | mean to do（打算做） |
| go on | go on doing（继续做同一件事） | go on to do（接着做另一件事） |
例题：
—Don't forget ______ the door when you leave. —I won't forget. I remember ______ it yesterday. 答案：to lock; locking（forget to do 忘了去做；remember doing 记得做过）
2. congratulate 的用法
- congratulate sb. on sth.（祝贺某人某事）
- congratulations (to sb.) on sth.（祝贺……）
3. be proud of / take pride in
- be proud of = take pride in（为……感到骄傲）
4. set out / set off
- set out to do sth.（着手/开始做某事）
- set off = set out = start（出发；启程）
5. 重点句型
- first of all（首先）
- be thirsty for（渴望）
- along with（与……一起）
- be responsible for（对……负责）
- be thankful to sb.（感谢某人）
- ahead of（在……前面）
- separate from（与……分离）
- carry on（继续）
三、必背单词表
Unit 9 必背单词
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| prefer | /prɪˈfɜː(r)/ | v. | 更喜欢；偏好 |
| lyric | /ˈlɪrɪk/ | n. | 歌词 |
| gentle | /ˈdʒentl/ | adj. | 轻柔的；温和的 |
| electronic | /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ | adj. | 电子的 |
| suppose | /səˈpəʊz/ | v. | 推断；料想 |
| smooth | /smuːð/ | adj. | 平滑的；悦耳的 |
| spare | /speə(r)/ | v. | 抽出；留出 adj. 空闲的 |
| director | /dəˈrektə(r)/ | n. | 导演；主任 |
| case | /keɪs/ | n. | 情况；案件；箱子 |
| war | /wɔː(r)/ | n. | 战争；斗争 |
| stick | /stɪk/ | v. | 粘贴；刺 n. 棍；棒 |
| dialog | /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ | n. | 对话；对白 |
| documentary | /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/ | n. | 纪录片 |
| drama | /ˈdrɑːmə/ | n. | 戏剧；话剧 |
| plenty | /ˈplenti/ | pron. | 大量；充足 |
| shut | /ʃʌt/ | v. | 关闭；关上 |
| superhero | /ˈsuːpəhɪərəʊ/ | n. | 超级英雄 |
| horror | /ˈhɒrə(r)/ | n. | 恐怖；恐惧 |
| intelligent | /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ | adj. | 有才智的；聪明的 |
| sense | /sens/ | n. | 感觉；意识 v. 感觉到 |
| reflect | /rɪˈflekt/ | v. | 反映；反射 |
| moving | /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ | adj. | 动人的；感人的 |
| perform | /pəˈfɔːm/ | v. | 表演；执行 |
| pain | /peɪn/ | n. | 痛苦；疼痛 |
| wound | /wuːnd/ | n./v. | 伤；伤口；创伤 |
| total | /ˈtəʊtl/ | n./adj. | 总数；总的 |
| master | /ˈmɑːstə(r)/ | n./v. | 能手；主人；掌握 |
| praise | /preɪz/ | v./n. | 表扬；赞扬 |
| recall | /rɪˈkɔːl/ | v. | 回忆起；回想起 |
| hurt | /hɜːt/ | v. | (使) 疼痛；受伤 |
| pop | /pɒp/ | n./adj. | 流行音乐；流行的 |
| rock | /rɒk/ | n. | 摇滚乐 |
Unit 10 必背单词
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| custom | /ˈkʌstəm/ | n. | 风俗；习俗 |
| bow | /baʊ/ | v./n. | 鞠躬；弯腰 |
| kiss | /kɪs/ | v./n. | 亲吻；接吻 |
| greet | /ɡriːt/ | v. | 和……打招呼；迎接 |
| relaxed | /rɪˈlækst/ | adj. | 放松的；自在的 |
| value | /ˈvæljuː/ | v./n. | 重视；珍视；价值 |
| capital | /ˈkæpɪtl/ | n. | 首都；省会；资本 |
| noon | /nuːn/ | n. | 正午；中午 |
| mad | /mæd/ | adj. | 很生气；疯的 |
| effort | /ˈefət/ | n. | 努力；艰难的尝试 |
| manner | /ˈmænə(r)/ | n. | 方式；方法 (pl.) 举止；礼貌 |
| elbow | /ˈelbəʊ/ | n. | 肘；胳膊 |
| gradually | /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ | adv. | 逐步地；渐渐地 |
| suggestion | /səˈdʒestʃən/ | n. | 建议；提议 |
| behave | /bɪˈheɪv/ | v. | 表现；举止 |
| except | /ɪkˈsept/ | prep./conj. | 除……之外 |
| plate | /pleɪt/ | n. | 盘子；碟子 |
| politely | /pəˈlaɪtli/ | adv. | 礼貌地；客气地 |
| empty | /ˈempti/ | adj./v. | 空的；倒空 |
| basic | /ˈbeɪsɪk/ | adj. | 基本的；基础的 |
| exchange | /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ | n./v. | 交换；交流 |
| teenager | /ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/ | n. | 青少年 (13-19岁) |
| behave | /bɪˈheɪv/ | v. | 表现；举止 |
| fork | /fɔːk/ | n. | 餐叉；叉子 |
| napkin | /ˈnæpkɪn/ | n. | 餐巾；餐巾纸 |
| chalk | /tʃɔːk/ | n. | 粉笔 |
| blackboard | /ˈblækbɔːd/ | n. | 黑板 |
| coast | /kəʊst/ | n. | 海岸；海滨 |
| gesture | /ˈdʒestʃə(r)/ | n. | 手势；姿势 |
| knee | /niː/ | n. | 膝盖；膝 |
Unit 11 必背单词
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| friendship | /ˈfrendʃɪp/ | n. | 友谊；友情 |
| king | /kɪŋ/ | n. | 国王；君主 |
| prime | /praɪm/ | adj. | 首要的；基本的 |
| minister | /ˈmɪnɪstə(r)/ | n. | 大臣；部长 |
| fame | /feɪm/ | n. | 名声；声誉 |
| pale | /peɪl/ | adj. | 苍白的；灰白的 |
| queen | /kwiːn/ | n. | 王后；女王 |
| examine | /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ | v. | 检查；审查 |
| nor | /nɔː(r)/ | conj./adv. | 也不 |
| palace | /ˈpæləs/ | n. | 宫殿；王宫 |
| power | /ˈpaʊə(r)/ | n. | 权力；力量 |
| wealth | /welθ/ | n. | 财富；富裕 |
| grey | /ɡreɪ/ | adj./n. | 灰色的；灰色 |
| lemon | /ˈlemən/ | n. | 柠檬 |
| uncomfortable | /ʌnˈkʌmftəbl/ | adj. | 使人不舒服的 |
| weigh | /weɪ/ | v. | 重量是……；称重 |
| shoulder | /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ | n. | 肩膀；肩 |
| goal | /ɡəʊl/ | n. | 目标；射门；进球 |
| kick | /kɪk/ | v./n. | 踢；踹 |
| courage | /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ | n. | 勇气；胆量 |
| pull | /pʊl/ | v./n. | 拉；拖 |
| nation | /ˈneɪʃn/ | n. | 民族；国家 |
| rather | /ˈrɑːðə(r)/ | adv. | 相当；相反 |
| doubt | /daʊt/ | n./v. | 怀疑；疑惑 |
| friendship | /ˈfrendʃɪp/ | n. | 友谊；友情 |
| fortunate | /ˈfɔːtʃənət/ | adj. | 幸运的；侥幸的 |
| guilty | /ˈɡɪlti/ | adj. | 愧疚的；内疚的 |
| test | /test/ | v./n. | 测验；考查 |
| member | /ˈmembə(r)/ | n. | 成员；会员 |
| secretary | /ˈsekrətri/ | n. | 秘书；书记 |
Unit 12 必背单词
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| unexpected | /ˌʌnɪkˈspektɪd/ | adj. | 出乎意料的 |
| by the time | /baɪ ðə taɪm/ | conj. | 在……以前 |
| backpack | /ˈbækpæk/ | n. | 背包；旅行包 |
| oversleep | /ˌəʊvəˈsliːp/ | v. | 睡过头；睡得过久 |
| miss | /mɪs/ | v. | 错过；未得到 |
| block | /blɒk/ | n./v. | 街区；大块；阻挡 |
| worker | /ˈwɜːkə(r)/ | n. | 工人；工作者 |
| above | /əˈbʌv/ | prep./adv. | 在……上面；超过 |
| airport | /ˈeəpɔːt/ | n. | 机场 |
| till | /tɪl/ | conj./prep. | 直到；直到……为止 |
| west | /west/ | n./adj. | 西方；西部的 |
| cream | /kriːm/ | n. | 奶油；乳脂 |
| pie | /paɪ/ | n. | 果馅饼；果馅派 |
| bean | /biːn/ | n. | 豆；豆荚 |
| market | /ˈmɑːkɪt/ | n. | 市场；集市 |
| manage | /ˈmænɪdʒ/ | v. | 管理；设法做到 |
| mistake | /mɪˈsteɪk/ | n./v. | 错误；失误；误解 |
| discovery | /dɪˈskʌvəri/ | n. | 发现；发觉 |
| officer | /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ | n. | 军官；官员 |
| believable | /bɪˈliːvəbl/ | adj. | 可相信的；可信的 |
| embarrassing | /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ | adj. | 使人尴尬的 |
| announce | /əˈnaʊns/ | v. | 宣布；宣告 |
| cancel | /ˈkænsl/ | v. | 取消；终止 |
| venue | /ˈvenjuː | n. | 活动场地；场馆 |
| burn | /bɜːn/ | v. | 着火；燃烧 |
| alive | /əˈlaɪv/ | adj. | 活着的；有生气的 |
| airport | /ˈeəpɔːt/ | n. | 机场 |
| flight | /flaɪt/ | n. | 航班；飞行 |
Unit 13 必背单词
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| litter | /ˈlɪtə(r)/ | n./v. | 垃圾；乱扔 |
| bottom | /ˈbɒtəm/ | n. | 底部；最下部 |
| fisherman | /ˈfɪʃəmən/ | n. | 渔民；钓鱼的人 |
| coal | /kəʊl/ | n. | 煤；煤块 |
| ugly | /ˈʌɡli/ | adj. | 丑陋的；难看的 |
| cost | /kɒst/ | n./v. | 花费；价钱 |
| wooden | /ˈwʊdn/ | adj. | 木制的；木头的 |
| plastic | /ˈplæstɪk/ | n./adj. | 塑料；塑料的 |
| recycle | /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ | v. | 回收利用；再利用 |
| gate | /ɡeɪt/ | n. | 大门；登机口 |
| bottle | /ˈbɒtl/ | n. | 瓶子 |
| president | /ˈprezɪdənt/ | n. | 负责人；主席；总统 |
| inspiration | /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ | n. | 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/物 |
| iron | /ˈaɪən/ | n./v. | 铁；熨斗；熨烫 |
| work | /wɜːk/ | n. | 作品；著作 |
| metal | /ˈmetl/ | n. | 金属 |
| creativity | /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ | n. | 创造力；独创性 |
| throw away | /ˈθrəʊ əweɪ/ | phr. | 扔掉；抛弃 |
| afford | /əˈfɔːd/ | v. | 承担得起；买得起 |
| take away | /teɪk əˈweɪ/ | phr. | 拿走；带走 |
| occasion | /əˈkeɪʒn/ | n. | 特别的事情；机会 |
| laptop | /ˈlæptɒp/ | n. | 笔记本电脑 |
| mobile | /ˈməʊbaɪl/ | adj./n. | 可移动的；移动电话 |
| appetite | /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ | n. | 食欲；胃口 |
| cruel | /ˈkruːəl/ | adj. | 残酷的；残忍的 |
| chain | /tʃeɪn/ | n. | 链子；链条 |
| industry | /ˈɪndəstri/ | n. | 工业；行业 |
| law | /lɔː/ | n. | 法律；法规 |
| advantage | /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ | n. | 优点；有利条件 |
| disadvantage | /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ | n. | 缺点；不利条件 |
Unit 14 必背单词
| 单词 | 音标 | 词性 | 中文释义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| survey | /ˈsɜːveɪ/ | n. | 调查；勘察 |
| standard | /ˈstændəd/ | n./adj. | 标准；水平的 |
| row | /rəʊ/ | n. | 一排；一列；一行 |
| keyboard | /ˈkiːbɔːd/ | n. | 键盘；琴键 |
| instruction | /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ | n. | 指示；命令 |
| double | /ˈdʌbl/ | adj./v. | 加倍；双重的 |
| shall | /ʃæl/ | modal v. | 将要；将会 |
| overcome | /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ | v. | 克服；战胜 |
| congratulate | /kənˈɡrætʃuleɪt/ | v. | 祝贺；庆贺 |
| talented | /ˈtæləntɪd/ | adj. | 有才能的；天才的 |
| graduation | /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ | n. | 毕业 |
| ceremony | /ˈserəməni/ | n. | 典礼；仪式 |
| first of all | /fɜːst ɒv ɔːl/ | phr. | 首先 |
| thirsty | /ˈθɜːsti/ | adj. | 口渴的；渴望的 |
| thankful | /ˈθæŋkfl/ | adj. | 感谢的；感激的 |
| task | /tɑːsk/ | n. | 任务；工作 |
| ahead | /əˈhed/ | adv. | 在前面；向前 |
| separate | /ˈsepəreɪt/ | v. | 分开；分离 |
| wing | /wɪŋ/ | n. | 翅膀；翼 |
| ours | /ˈaʊəz/ | pron. | 我们的 |
| responsible | /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ | adj. | 有责任的；尽责的 |
| carry on | /ˈkæri ɒn/ | phr. | 继续；坚持 |
| be proud of | /biː praʊd ɒv/ | phr. | 为……感到骄傲 |
| set out | /set aʊt/ | phr. | 出发；启程 |
| separate from | /ˈsepəreɪt frɒm/ | phr. | 与……分离 |
| ahead of | /əˈhed ɒv/ | prep. | 在……前面 |
| be responsible for | /biː rɪˈspɒnsəbl fə(r)/ | phr. | 对……负责 |
| be thankful to | /biː ˈθæŋkfl tuː/ | phr. | 感谢…… |
| method | /ˈmeθəd/ | n. | 方法；措施 |
| past | /pɑːst/ | n./adj. | 过去；昔日的 |
四、必背短语和句型汇总
Unit 9 短语句型
- prefer... to... 喜欢……胜过……
- I prefer music that has great lyrics.
- sing along with 随着……一起唱
- dance to 随着……跳舞
- remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
- one's own 某人自己的
- be known for = be famous for 因……而著名
- be well-known to sb. 为某人所熟知
- the number of ……的数量（谓语用单数）
- a number of = lots of 许多（谓语用复数）
- in total 总共；合计
- I like music that I can sing along with. 我喜欢能跟着一起唱的音乐。
- I prefer movies that give me something to think about. 我喜欢能引起我思考的电影。
- What do you think of...? = How do you like...? 你认为……怎么样？
- stick to 坚持
- plenty of = a lot of 大量的；充足的
Unit 10 短语句型
- be supposed to do 应该做某事
- be expected to do 被期望做某事
- shake hands 握手
- drop by = drop in 顺便拜访
- after all 毕竟；终究
- make an effort to do 努力做某事
- get used to doing 习惯于做某事
- be / get mad at 对……生气
- go out of one's way to do 特地做某事；格外努力
- make sb. feel at home 使某人宾至如归
- cut up 切碎
- point at 指向
- eat with hands 用手吃饭
- for the first time 第一次
- hold out 伸出
- on time = in time 准时
- You're supposed to arrive on time. 你应该准时到达。
- It's rude to stick your chopsticks into the food. 把筷子插进食物里是不礼貌的。
- go out of your way to make me feel at home 特地让我感到宾至如归
- be worth doing 值得做……
Unit 11 短语句型
- make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
- make sb. + adj. 使某人感到……
- would rather... than... 宁愿……也不愿……
- neither... nor... 既不……也不……
- let... down = make... disappointed 使……失望
- kick sb. off 开除某人
- pull together 齐心协力
- to start with 起初；首先
- the rest of 其余的……
- be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻；对某人要求严格
- learn from 向……学习
- feel left out 感觉被冷落
- keep one's eyes on 注视；盯着看
- in agreement 意见一致
- be full of = be filled with 充满……
- Sad movies make me cry. 悲伤的电影让我流泪。
- Waiting for him made me angry. 等他让我很生气。
- The more I got to know Julie, the more I've realized that we have a lot in common. 我越了解朱莉，就越发现我们有很多共同之处。
Unit 12 短语句型
- by the time 在……之前；到……时候
- get dressed 穿好衣服
- rush out 冲出去
- give sb. a lift = give sb. a ride 捎某人一程
- in line with 与……成一排
- be about to do 即将做某事
- hundreds of 成百上千的
- leave sth. + 地点 把某物忘在某地
- on display 展出；陈列
- find out 查明；弄清楚
- rise into 升入
- sell out 卖完；售罄
- get married 结婚
- at the end of 在……末尾
- Name's spirit of generosity and cooperation Name的慷慨与合作精神
- even though = even if 即使；纵然
- By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 等我起床时，我哥哥已经进去洗澡了。
- Before I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. 在我到达公交站之前，公交车已经开走了。
Unit 13 短语句型
- throw away 扔掉；抛弃
- put sth. to good use 好好利用某物
- pull down 拆毁；摧毁
- bring back 恢复；使想起
- take away 拿走；带走
- be harmful to = do harm to 对……有害
- at the top of 在……顶部
- take part in = join in 参加
- make a difference 有影响；起作用
- afford to do 负担得起做……
- set up 建立；设立
- play a part in 参与；在……中起作用
- cut off 切断；中断
- the importance of ……的重要性
- stop doing sth. 停止做某事
- used to do 过去常常做某事
- be used to doing 习惯于做某事
- be used to do 被用来做某事
- The river used to be so clean. 这条河过去很干净。
- No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. 没有科学研究表明鱼翅对健康有益。
- Everyone in this group plays a part in helping to keep the river clean. 这个小组中的每个人都在帮助保持河流清洁方面发挥着作用。
Unit 14 短语句型
- first of all 首先
- be thirsty for 渴望
- along with 与……一起
- be responsible for 对……负责
- be thankful to sb. 感谢某人
- ahead of 在……前面
- separate from 与……分离
- carry on 继续；坚持
- be proud of = take pride in 为……感到骄傲
- set out 出发；启程
- congratulate sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事
- have problems with 在……方面有困难
- with the help of 在……的帮助下
- in the future 在将来
- on the team 在队里
- at the beginning of 在……开始
- look forward to doing 期待做某事
- keep doing sth. 持续做某事
- I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. 我记得在七年级时认识了你们所有人。
- I regret not studying harder. 我后悔没有更努力学习。
- I hope to pass the exam. 我希望通过考试。
- I look forward to seeing you again. 我期待着再次见到你。
- Good memories will remain in our hearts forever. 美好的回忆将永远留在我们心中。
- Never forget to keep working hard even after you leave school. 即使毕业后也不要忘记继续努力。
五、常见题型与例题
（一）词汇运用
用所给词的适当形式填空
- I prefer music that has great ______ (lyric).
- The movie was so ______ (move) that I cried.
- You are supposed ______ (arrive) on time.
- The news made everyone ______ (excite).
- By the time I got to the station, the train ______ already ______ (leave).
- The bridge ______ (build) over 100 years ago.
- I regret not ______ (study) harder last term.
- The workers were made ______ (work) 12 hours a day.
- I look forward to ______ (see) you again.
- The problem is worth ______ (discuss).
答案：
- lyrics 2. moving 3. to arrive 4. excited 5. had; left 6. was built 7. studying 8. to work 9. seeing 10. discussing
解析：
- lyric 作"歌词"讲常用复数形式 lyrics。
- moving 修饰物，表示"感人的"；moved 修饰人，表示"感动的"。
- be supposed to do sth. 为固定结构。
- excited 修饰人，表示"感到兴奋的"；exciting 修饰物。
- by the time 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时 had left。
- 一般过去时的被动语态 was/were + done。
- regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事。
- make 的被动语态要还原 to。
- look forward to 中 to 是介词，后接 doing。
- be worth doing 值得做，主动形式表被动含义。
（二）语法选择（共20题）
定语从句专项（1-8题）
This is the best film ______ I have ever seen. A. which B. that C. who D. whom
The man ______ is talking to my teacher is my father. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
I like the house ______ windows face south. A. which B. that C. whose D. who
The girl ______ you met yesterday is my sister. A. which B. whom C. who D. All of B and C
This is the school ______ I studied three years ago. A. which B. that C. where D. All of A, B and C
He talked about the teachers and schools ______ he had visited. A. who B. which C. that D. whom
Is this the factory ______ produces color TV sets? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
All ______ glitters is not gold. A. which B. that C. who D. whom
答案：1-5 BCCDC 6-8 CAB
解析：
- B。先行词被最高级 the best 修饰，只能用 that。
- C。先行词是人，且在从句中作主语，用 who。
- C。先行词与 windows 有所属关系，用 whose。
- D。先行词是人，在从句中作宾语，whom 和 who 均可。
- D。先行词是地点，在从句中作状语，可用 where / in which；作宾语可用 which / that。
- C。先行词既有人（teachers）又有物（schools），只能用 that。
- A。先行词在从句中作主语，用 that / which。
- B。不定代词 all 作先行词，只能用 that。
被动语态专项（9-14题）
The bridge ______ before last winter. A. has built B. was built C. had built D. had been built
A new hospital ______ in our city next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has been built
The book can't ______ from the library. A. be taken away B. take away C. are taken away D. is taken away
The flowers ______ often. If not, they will die. A. must water B. can be watered C. must be watered D. should water
The letter ______ in Japanese. Can you read it for me? A. is writing B. is written C. wrote D. writes
—Did you go to Jim's birthday party? —No, I ______. A. didn't invite B. wasn't invited C. am not invited D. haven't invited
答案：9-14 DBCACB
解析： 9. D。before last winter 表示"前年的冬天之前"，是"过去的过去"，用过去完成时被动语态。 10. C。next year 表将来，且 hospital 是被建，用一般将来时被动语态。 11. A。情态动词后接 be + done，can't 后接 be taken away。 12. C。花是被浇水的，用被动语态；must 表必须。 13. B。信是被写的，用一般现在时被动语态 is written。 14. B。我没有被邀请，用一般过去时被动语态 wasn't invited。
使役动词与非谓语动词专项（15-20题）
The teacher made him ______ the word ten times. A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote
He was made ______ his own clothes by his mother. A. wash B. to wash C. washing D. washed
I can't help ______ when I watch the funny movie. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed
—Don't forget ______ your homework tomorrow. —I won't. I remember ______ it this afternoon. A. to hand in; doing B. handing in; to do C. to hand in; to do D. handing in; doing
The movie was so sad that it made all of us ______. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried
By the time we got to the cinema, the movie ______ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. had been on
答案：15-20 AB CAAD
解析： 15. A。make sb. do sth. 使役动词后接省略 to 的不定式。 16. B。make 的被动语态要还原 to：be made to do sth.。 17. C。can't help doing sth. 忍不住做某事。 18. A。forget to do 忘了去做（还没做）；remember doing 记得做过（已做）。 19. A。make sb. do sth. 使役动词后用省略 to 的不定式。 20. D。by the time 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时；begin 是瞬间动词，不能与 for ten minutes 连用，需用 be on 代替。
（三）完形填空（A篇）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A篇
Music is an important part of our life. Different people like different 1 of music. I like music that I can dance 2. My deskmate likes music that has great lyrics. He thinks he can learn 3 from the words. My best friend enjoys music that is 4 and quiet. She likes listening to music when she reads books.
There are many different 5 of music in the world, such as pop music, rock music, country music, classical music and so on. Pop music is 6 enjoyed by young people. Rock music is often played with 7 instruments like electric guitars. Classical music is usually played by 8. Many people think it is serious and 9 to understand. Country music often reminds people of the 10 and simple life in the countryside.
Music can bring us pleasure and 11 us relax. When I feel sad, I always listen to 12 music. It cheers me up. When I am angry, I prefer to listen to 13 music. It makes me calm down. Music 14 changes our moods. That's why music is so popular all over the world.
What 15 of music do you like best? I hope you can find the music that suits you best.
- A. kind B. kinds C. sort D. type
- A. to B. with C. for D. at
- A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
- A. loud B. gentle C. noisy D. fast
- A. form B. forms C. kind D. piece
- A. mainly B. quickly C. slowly D. hardly
- A. wooden B. plastic C. metal D. electronic
- A. singers B. dancers C. orchestras D. writers
- A. easy B. difficult C. possible D. necessary
- A. busy B. modern C. peaceful D. difficult
- A. makes B. lets C. has D. helps
- A. sad B. happy C. moving D. loud
- A. soft B. hard C. exciting D. terrible
- A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. really
- A. size B. color C. kind D. number
答案： 1-5: B A A B B 6-10: A D C B C 11-15: D B A D C
解析：
- B。different kinds of 不同种类的。
- A。dance to 随着……跳舞，固定搭配。
- A。肯定句中用 something，learn something from 从……中学到一些东西。
- B。and 连接并列成分，quiet 对应的应是 gentle（轻柔的）。
- B。different 后接复数，different forms of music 不同形式的音乐。
- A。mainly 主要地，流行音乐主要受年轻人喜爱。
- D。electric guitars 属于 electronic instruments（电子乐器）。
- C。orchestras 管弦乐队，古典音乐通常由管弦乐队演奏。
- B。许多人认为古典音乐严肃且难理解。
- C。peaceful 宁静的，乡村音乐让人想起宁静的乡村生活。
- D。help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，makes 后应接 relax 不带 to，但 help 更准确。
- B。难过时听开心的音乐，cheer up 使振作。
- A。生气时听轻柔的音乐，calm down 平静下来。
- D。音乐确实能改变我们的情绪。
- C。what kind of music 哪种音乐。
B篇
Read the following passage and choose the best answer.
Have you ever seen a documentary called A Plastic Ocean? It was made by a group of people who care about the environment. The documentary shows how 1 our oceans have become because of plastic waste.
Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic 2 into the ocean. This causes serious problems for sea animals. Many animals mistake plastic for food and eat it. Some get trapped in plastic bags or fishing nets and can't 3 themselves free. Every year, millions of sea animals die because of plastic.
The problem is getting worse. Plastic doesn't break down easily. It 4 in the ocean for hundreds of years. What's more, as time goes by, large pieces of plastic become tiny pieces called microplastics. These microplastics are 5 small that they can't be seen by the naked eye. They get into the bodies of sea animals and even into the seafood that 6 on our tables.
What can we do to help? First, we should use 7 plastic in our daily life. We can bring our own bags when we go shopping instead of using plastic bags. Second, we should recycle as much as possible. Third, we should take part in beach clean-ups to help remove plastic waste from the ocean.
The ocean is home to 8 life on Earth. Protecting the ocean means protecting ourselves. As the documentary says, "The ocean is not a garbage can." We all need to take action before it's too 9.
Small changes in our daily habits can make a big 10. If everyone does their part, we can make our oceans clean and beautiful again.
- A. clean B. dirty C. beautiful D. deep
- A. is thrown B. throws C. are thrown D. throw
- A. keep B. let C. get D. make
- A. stays B. keeps C. holds D. puts
- A. very B. too C. so D. such
- A. appears B. happens C. arrives D. comes
- A. more B. less C. fewer D. better
- A. much B. many C. little D. few
- A. early B. quick C. late D. soon
- A. effort B. decision C. mistake D. difference
答案： 1-5: B A C A C 6-10: A B A C D
解析：
- B。根据上下文，纪录片展示海洋因为塑料垃圾变得多么肮脏。
- A。plastic 是不可数名词，且是被扔的，用 is thrown。
- C。get oneself free 使自己自由，固定搭配。
- A。stay 停留，塑料在海洋中停留数百年。
- C。so... that... 如此……以至于……。
- A。appear on our tables 出现在我们的餐桌上。
- B。less 修饰不可数名词 plastic，使用更少的塑料。
- A。much 修饰不可数名词 life（生命/生物）。
- C。too late 太迟，在太晚之前采取行动。
- D。make a big difference 产生重大影响。
（四）阅读理解（共3篇）
A篇
A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealer's showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.
On the morning of his graduation day his father called him into his own study and told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful gift box. Curious but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible, with the young man's name embossed in gold. Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, "With all your money you give me a Bible?" He then stormed out of the house, leaving the Bible.
Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.
When he arrived at his father's house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father's important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago. With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag with the dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words "PAID IN FULL".
Sometimes we don't realize the good fortune we have or we could have because we expect "the packaging" to be different. What may appear as bad fortune may in fact be the door that is just waiting to be opened.
阅读短文，回答下列问题：
What did the young man want as a graduation gift? A. A Bible B. A sports car C. A gold watch D. A gift box
How did the young man feel when he first opened the box? A. Excited B. Grateful C. Disappointed D. Surprised
Why did the young man not see his father for many years? A. Because he was too busy with his work. B. Because he was angry with his father. C. Because his father lived far away. D. Because he didn't love his father.
What did the young man find in the Bible? A. Some money B. A car key C. A letter D. A photo
What can we learn from the story? A. We should not accept gifts from others. B. We should value what we have. C. We should not judge things by their appearance. D. We should always listen to our parents.
答案：1-5 B C B B C
解析：
- B。细节理解题。第一段提到"he had admired a beautiful sports car"并告诉父亲那就是他想要的。
- C。细节理解题。第二段"Curious but somewhat disappointed"说明他打开盒子时感到失望。
- B。推理判断题。因为父亲送给他一本圣经而不是他想要的跑车，他生气地冲出家门，多年未与父亲见面。
- B。细节理解题。第四段"a car key dropped from the back of the Bible"。
- C。主旨大意题。文章最后一段点明主旨——不要以貌取人/事，看似不好的事情可能恰恰是等待被开启的机会之门。
B篇
Teenagers and Social Media
Social media has become a big part of teenagers' lives. A recent survey shows that about 95% of teenagers in the United States have access to a smartphone, and 45% say they are online "almost constantly". But is this a good thing or a bad thing?
On the positive side, social media helps teenagers stay connected with friends and family. It allows them to share their thoughts, experiences, and creative work with others. Many teens use social media to learn about different cultures and world events. It can also be a great tool for finding support and understanding, especially for those who feel lonely or different.
However, there are also serious concerns. Studies have found that too much time on social media can lead to anxiety and depression. Many teenagers feel pressure to present a perfect life online, which can damage their self-esteem. Cyberbullying is another major problem. About 37% of young people between the ages of 12 and 17 have been bullied online.
Sleep is another issue. The blue light from phone screens affects sleep quality, and many teens stay up late scrolling through social media. This can affect their school performance and overall health.
Experts suggest that teenagers should limit their social media use to no more than two hours a day. Parents should also talk to their children about healthy online habits and monitor their online activities.
In conclusion, social media is a powerful tool that can be both helpful and harmful. The key is to use it wisely and in moderation.
Choose the best answer:
What percentage of American teenagers are online "almost constantly"? A. 95% B. 45% C. 37% D. 75%
According to the passage, which is a positive effect of social media? A. It causes anxiety and depression. B. It helps teens stay connected with friends. C. It leads to cyberbullying. D. It affects sleep quality.
What does the underlined word "self-esteem" probably mean? A. 自信心 B. 自尊心 C. 自律 D. 自满
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem caused by social media? A. Anxiety and depression B. Cyberbullying C. Sleep problems D. Poor eating habits
What is the main idea of the passage? A. Teenagers should not use social media at all. B. Social media is harmful to teenagers. C. Social media has both advantages and disadvantages for teenagers. D. Parents should control their children's social media use.
答案：1-5 B B B D C
解析：
- B。细节理解题。第一段明确提到"45% say they are online 'almost constantly'"。
- B。细节理解题。第二段第一句"social media helps teenagers stay connected with friends and family"是积极作用。
- B。词义猜测题。self-esteem 意为"自尊心"，整句意为"呈现完美生活的压力会损害他们的自尊心"。
- D。细节理解题。文中提到了焦虑抑郁（A）、网络霸凌（B）、睡眠问题（C），但没有提到饮食习惯（D）。
- C。主旨大意题。文章最后一段总结"social media is a powerful tool that can be both helpful and harmful"，说明社交媒体既有优点也有缺点。
C篇
Protecting Our Planet
Earth is the only home we have, but human activities are causing serious damage to our planet. Climate change, pollution, and deforestation are some of the biggest challenges we face today. If we don't take action now, the consequences could be devastating.
Climate change is perhaps the most urgent problem. The burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This gas traps heat and causes global temperatures to rise. As a result, glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, and extreme weather events like hurricanes and droughts are becoming more frequent. If temperatures continue to rise, many coastal cities could be underwater by the end of this century.
Pollution is another major threat. Air pollution from factories and vehicles causes millions of deaths every year. Water pollution makes rivers and lakes unsafe for drinking and harms aquatic life. Plastic waste is a particularly serious problem. Every year, about 8 million tons of plastic end up in the ocean, threatening marine animals and ecosystems.
Deforestation is also a serious concern. Forests are being cut down at an alarming rate to make way for agriculture and urban development. This not only destroys habitats for countless species but also reduces the Earth's ability to absorb carbon dioxide. The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth", has lost about 17% of its coverage in the last 50 years.
So what can we do to protect our planet? First, we need to transition to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. Second, we should reduce, reuse, and recycle to minimize waste. Third, we need to protect and restore forests and other natural habitats. Finally, governments around the world must work together to set and enforce environmental regulations.
The good news is that it's not too late to make a difference. Many countries have already taken steps to reduce their carbon emissions. Young people around the world are raising their voices and demanding action. As individuals, every small step we take—whether it's using public transportation, reducing plastic use, or planting trees—adds up to a big impact.
Our planet is precious, and we all have a responsibility to protect it. The future of our planet depends on the choices we make today.
Answer the questions:
What causes global temperatures to rise according to the passage?
Why is plastic waste particularly serious? (no more than 15 words)
What percentage of the Amazon rainforest has been lost in the last 50 years?
List three ways to protect our planet mentioned in the passage.
What does the writer mean by saying "The future of our planet depends on the choices we make today"?
答案：
The burning of fossil fuels (like coal, oil, and natural gas) releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and this gas traps heat.
Because about 8 million tons of plastic end up in the ocean every year.
About 17%.
(1) Transition to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. (2) Reduce, reuse, and recycle to minimize waste. (3) Protect and restore forests and other natural habitats. (4) Governments must work together to set and enforce environmental regulations. (任选三个)
It means that the actions and decisions we take now will determine whether our planet remains habitable and healthy in the future. If we choose to protect the environment, we can save our planet; if we don't, the consequences will be severe.
（五）句型转换
I prefer music that has great lyrics.（改为一般疑问句） → ________________________________________________?
You're supposed to shake hands.（对划线部分提问） → ________________________________________________?
The movie made her cry.（改为被动语态） → ________________________________________________.
By the time I arrived, the bus had left.（改为同义句） → The bus had left ________________________________________________.
Someone built this bridge in 1990.（改为被动语态） → ________________________________________________.
"Don't forget to close the door," the teacher said to Tom.（改为间接引语） → The teacher told Tom ________________________________________________.
The man is my English teacher. He is standing under the tree.（合并为含定语从句的复合句） → ________________________________________________.
He was too tired to walk any further.（改为 so... that 句型） → ________________________________________________.
I don't know how I can solve this problem.（改为简单句） → I don't know ________________________________________________.
He spent two hours finishing his homework.（改为同义句） → It ________________________________________________.
答案：
- Do you prefer music that has great lyrics?
- What am I supposed to do?
- She was made to cry by the movie.
- The bus had left before I arrived.
- This bridge was built (by someone) in 1990.
- The teacher told Tom not to forget to close the door.
- The man who/that is standing under the tree is my English teacher.
- He was so tired that he couldn't walk any further.
- I don't know how to solve this problem.
- It took him two hours to finish his homework.
（六）书面表达
A. 申请信
假定你是李华，得知学校英语社团正在招募新成员。请你给社团负责人Mr. Smith写一封申请信，内容包括：
- 你的基本信息（姓名、年级、班级）；
- 你为什么想加入英语社团；
- 你能为社团做什么贡献；
- 表达你的期望。
要求：
- 词数80-100；
- 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
- 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am Li Hua, a student from Class 3, Grade 9. ________________________________
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely, Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am Li Hua, a student from Class 3, Grade 9. I am writing to apply to join the English Club.
I have been interested in English since I was a child. I believe that joining the English Club will provide me with more chances to practice my spoken English and improve my language skills. Besides, I am good at organizing activities and I have some experience in hosting English corners. I am also willing to help other members with their English studies. I think I can make a contribution to the club's activities and help make it more popular among students.
I really hope to become a member of the English Club. I would appreciate it if you could give me this opportunity.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely, Li Hua
写作指导：
- 申请信属于正式书信，语言应礼貌得体。
- 第一段应开门见山表明写信目的。
- 第二段介绍自己的优势和能力，使用 first, besides, what's more 等连接词使文章层次分明。
- 第三段表达期望，语气诚恳。
- 注意使用宾语从句（I believe that...）、条件状语从句（if you could...）等复合句提升文章档次。
B. 建议信
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom来信说他最近学习压力很大，经常熬夜，导致白天上课精神不好，成绩也有所下降。请你给他回一封信，提出一些建议。
要求：
- 词数100左右；
- 内容包括：表示理解、提出至少三条建议、表达祝愿；
- 可适当增加细节。
参考范文：
Dear Tom,
I am sorry to hear that you have been under great pressure recently. It's completely understandable that you want to do well in your studies, but staying up late is not a good solution.
Here are some suggestions that might help you. First, you should make a proper study plan and follow it strictly. Good time management can help you finish your tasks efficiently without staying up too late. Second, taking regular breaks during study is important. You can try the Pomodoro Technique—study for 25 minutes and then rest for 5 minutes. Third, doing some exercise every day can help you relax and sleep better at night. Finally, don't forget to talk to your teachers or parents when you feel overwhelmed. They can offer you valuable advice and support.
I hope these suggestions will be helpful to you. Remember, health always comes first. I believe you will find a good balance between study and rest.
Best wishes!
Yours, Li Hua
写作指导：
- 建议信首先要对对方的处境表示理解和同情。
- 使用 First, Second, Third, Finally 等连接词使建议层次分明。
- 每条建议要具体可行，不要空洞。
- 结尾要表达鼓励和祝愿。
- 定语从句的使用：suggestions that might help you；条件状语从句：if you feel overwhelmed。
六、期末综合复习题（中考模拟）
说明：本试卷满分120分，考试时间120分钟。
第一部分 听力（共20分）【听力材料见后】
略（听力材料见后文"听力原文"部分）
第二部分 阅读理解（共40分）
A. 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
（A）
Have you ever felt nervous before an important exam? Do your palms get sweaty and your heart beat faster? If so, you're experiencing test anxiety—a common problem among students.
Test anxiety is a type of performance anxiety. It happens when the pressure to do well becomes so great that it actually prevents you from doing your best. Some anxiety can actually be helpful. It can motivate you to study harder and stay focused. However, too much anxiety can have the opposite effect. It can make it difficult to concentrate, cause memory problems, and even lead to physical symptoms like headaches and stomachaches.
So what causes test anxiety? For many students, it's the fear of failure. They worry that if they don't get a good grade, they will disappoint their parents or ruin their future. Others feel anxious because they haven't prepared well enough. And some students put too much pressure on themselves to be perfect.
The good news is that test anxiety can be managed. Here are some strategies that can help:
First, preparation is key. The more prepared you are, the more confident you'll feel. Create a study schedule and stick to it. Don't wait until the last minute to start studying.
Second, practice relaxation techniques. Deep breathing exercises can help calm your nerves. Try this: breathe in slowly through your nose for four seconds, hold for four seconds, and then breathe out through your mouth for four seconds.
Third, get enough sleep and eat well. Your brain needs rest and fuel to function properly. Avoid caffeine and sugar before exams, as they can increase anxiety.
Finally, change your thinking. Instead of telling yourself "I'm going to fail," try saying "I've studied hard and I'm going to do my best." Remember, one exam doesn't define your worth.
With the right approach, you can overcome test anxiety and perform your best.
What is the passage mainly about? A. How to prepare for exams. B. What causes test anxiety. C. How to manage test anxiety. D. Why exams are important.
According to the passage, a little anxiety can be helpful because it can ______. A. help you study harder B. make you more nervous C. cause physical problems D. improve your memory
What does NOT cause test anxiety according to the passage? A. Fear of failure B. Lack of preparation C. Pressure to be perfect D. Too much sleep
What relaxation technique does the writer suggest? A. Listening to music B. Deep breathing exercises C. Taking a walk D. Drinking coffee
What can we learn from the passage? A. Test anxiety cannot be managed. B. Students should avoid all anxiety. C. One exam can define a student's worth. D. Proper preparation can help reduce test anxiety.
答案：1-5 C A D B D
（B）
Technology has changed the way we live in many ways. One of the most significant changes is in education. More and more schools are using computers, tablets, and other digital devices in the classroom. But is technology in the classroom a good thing?
Supporters argue that technology makes learning more engaging and interactive. Students can access a wealth of information online, watch educational videos, and use educational apps to practice what they've learned. Digital textbooks are often cheaper and more environmentally friendly than traditional textbooks. Technology also allows for personalized learning. Students can learn at their own pace and focus on areas where they need more help.
However, critics worry that too much screen time can be harmful to students' health and development. Some studies suggest that excessive use of digital devices can lead to attention problems and reduced social skills. There are also concerns about the digital divide—not all students have equal access to technology at home, which can create inequality in education. Furthermore, technology can be a distraction. Students might be tempted to check social media or play games instead of focusing on their studies.
Despite these concerns, most experts agree that technology is here to stay in education. The key is to use it wisely. Schools should have clear policies about when and how technology should be used. Teachers need proper training to integrate technology effectively into their lessons. And students should be taught digital literacy skills so they can use technology responsibly.
In the end, technology is just a tool. It's not a replacement for good teaching or hard work. When used properly, it can enhance learning and open up new possibilities. But it's up to educators, students, and parents to make sure it's used in a way that truly benefits education.
What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage? A. To argue that technology should not be used in schools. B. To present different views on technology in education. C. To describe how to use educational apps. D. To compare digital and traditional textbooks.
According to supporters, what is an advantage of digital textbooks? A. They are more expensive. B. They are better for the environment. C. They cannot be updated. D. They are harder to use.
What does the underlined phrase "digital divide" mean? A. The gap between students who have access to technology and those who don't. B. The difference between old and new computers. C. The space between the screen and the user. D. The division between different types of software.
What does the writer suggest schools should do? A. Ban all digital devices. B. Have clear policies about technology use. C. Replace all teachers with computers. D. Only use traditional textbooks.
What is the writer's opinion about technology in education? A. It should be completely removed from schools. B. It is a perfect solution to all educational problems. C. It is a useful tool if used wisely. D. It is only useful for teachers, not students.
答案：6-10 B B A B C
（C）
The concept of "growth mindset" was developed by psychologist Carol Dweck. According to Dweck, people with a growth mindset believe that their abilities and intelligence can be developed through hard work, good strategies, and input from others. This is in contrast to a "fixed mindset," where people believe their abilities are static and cannot be changed.
Research has shown that students with a growth mindset tend to achieve more than those with a fixed mindset. When faced with challenges, they are more likely to persist and try different approaches. They see failure not as a reflection of their intelligence, but as an opportunity to learn and improve. They are also more likely to embrace feedback and use it to grow.
So how can you develop a growth mindset? Here are some tips:
First, embrace challenges. Don't avoid difficult tasks—see them as opportunities to grow. When you encounter something you can't do, tell yourself "I can't do this yet" rather than "I can't do this."
Second, learn from criticism. Instead of feeling defensive when you receive negative feedback, try to see it as valuable information that can help you improve.
Third, focus on effort rather than talent. Praise yourself for working hard, not just for being smart. Remember that even the most successful people had to work hard to get where they are.
Fourth, find inspiration in the success of others. Instead of feeling threatened by other people's achievements, use them as motivation. If they can do it, so can you—with enough effort and the right strategies.
Developing a growth mindset takes time and practice. But the benefits are well worth the effort. With a growth mindset, you'll be better equipped to face challenges, overcome obstacles, and achieve your goals.
What is the main idea of the passage? A. Growth mindset and fixed mindset are the same thing. B. People are born with either a growth mindset or a fixed mindset. C. Growth mindset can be developed and can lead to greater success. D. Fixed mindset is better than growth mindset.
According to Dweck, people with a growth mindset believe that ______. A. intelligence is fixed at birth B. abilities can be developed through effort C. failure means they are not smart D. talent is more important than hard work
How do people with a growth mindset view failure? A. As a sign of weakness B. As something to be avoided C. As a chance to learn and improve D. As proof that they lack intelligence
What advice does the writer give for developing a growth mindset? A. Avoid difficult tasks. B. Ignore criticism from others. C. Focus on talent rather than effort. D. Use others' success as motivation.
What can we infer from the passage? A. Developing a growth mindset is easy and quick. B. Successful people are born with special talents. C. Effort and strategies are important for success. D. Fixed mindset is more common than growth mindset.
答案：11-15 C B C D C
B. 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Build Good Habits
We all have habits—some good, some bad. Good habits can help us achieve our goals and live healthier, happier lives. But how do we build good habits? Here are some practical strategies.
______ Start with something so easy that you can't say no. For example, if you want to start exercising, begin with just five minutes a day. Once this becomes a habit, you can gradually increase the time.
______ Habits are easier to build when they become part of your daily routine. Try to do your new habit at the same time and place every day. For instance, if you want to read more, set aside 15 minutes before bed for reading.
______ Keep a record of your progress. You can use a calendar or an app to track how many days in a row you've done your new habit. Seeing your progress can be very motivating.
______ Building habits takes time. Research suggests it takes about 66 days for a new behavior to become automatic. Don't give up if you miss a day—just get back on track the next day.
______ When you reach a milestone, celebrate it! If you've exercised for a whole week, treat yourself to something you enjoy. This positive reinforcement will make you more likely to continue.
A. Track your progress. B. Find a habit partner. C. Start small. D. Be patient. E. Reward yourself. F. Make it part of your routine. G. Focus on the result.
答案：16-20 CFADE
第三部分 英语知识运用（共30分）
A. 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I used to be a shy girl who was afraid of speaking in public. I would 21 hide behind my mother whenever we met someone new. My parents were 22 about this and tried many ways to help me become more 23.
Everything changed when I was in Grade 8. My English teacher, Mrs. Wang, 24 me to take part in a school speech competition. At first, I 25 refused because the thought of standing on stage in front of 26 people terrified me. However, Mrs. Wang didn't give up on me. She told me that everyone feels nervous before speaking in public and that 27 is the key to success.
With her 28, I finally agreed to give it a try. Mrs. Wang helped me choose a topic I was 29 in and spent hours helping me practice. She taught me how to speak 30, use proper body language, and make eye contact with the audience.
The day of the competition finally arrived. As I walked onto the stage, my heart was beating so fast that I thought it would jump out of my chest. I took a deep breath and began to speak. To my 31, I didn't feel as nervous as I had expected. The words flowed 32, and I could see people in the audience nodding and smiling.
When I finished, the audience burst into applause. I didn't win first place, but I got third. More 33, I had overcome my fear of public speaking. That experience 34 me that courage is not the absence of fear, but the willingness to face it.
Now, I am confident and active. I even joined the school's debate team. I will always be 35 to Mrs. Wang for helping me discover a side of myself that I never knew existed.
- A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. never
- A. excited B. worried C. surprised D. relaxed
- A. polite B. honest C. outgoing D. patient
- A. warned B. ordered C. encouraged D. taught
- A. bravely B. carefully C. proudly D. immediately
- A. so many B. so much C. so few D. so little
- A. luck B. practice C. talent D. appearance
- A. money B. time C. encouragement D. trouble
- A. interested B. disappointed C. bored D. surprised
- A. slowly B. quickly C. clearly D. quietly
- A. surprise B. regret C. sadness D. anger
- A. hardly B. naturally C. suddenly D. strangely
- A. strangely B. importantly C. differently D. seriously
- A. reminded B. asked C. taught D. promised
- A. rude B. thankful C. sorry D. friendly
答案： 21-25: A B C C D 26-30: A B C A C 31-35: A B B C B
解析： 21. A。从"I used to be a shy girl"可知我总是躲在妈妈身后。 22. B。父母对我的害羞感到担心，be worried about。 23. C。与 shy 相反的词是 outgoing（外向的）。 24. C。encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。 25. D。起初我立即拒绝了，immediately 立即。 26. A。people 是可数名词复数，用 so many 修饰。 27. B。练习是成功的关键，practice makes perfect。 28. C。在她的鼓励下，with her encouragement。 29. A。be interested in 对……感兴趣。 30. C。 speak clearly 清晰地说话。 31. A。to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是。 32. B。words flowed naturally 话语自然流畅。 33. B。more importantly 更重要的是，我克服了恐惧。 34. C。这次经历教会了我，taught。 35. B。be thankful to 感谢某人。
B. 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One day, a young man was walking through a forest. He came to a river and found that the bridge 36 ______ (damage) by a recent storm. He wondered how he could get across.
Just then, he saw an old man sitting by the river. The young man walked over and asked, "Excuse me, sir. Do you know 37 ______ I can cross the river?"
The old man looked up and said, "You can use the stepping stones." He pointed to a line of stones 38 ______ (lie) in the water.
The young man looked at the stones. They 39 ______ (be) slippery and far apart. He was afraid he might fall into the river. "Isn't there another way?" he asked.
The old man smiled and said, "The stones look dangerous, 40 ______ they are perfectly safe if you step carefully. Sometimes in life, the path 41 ______ looks the most frightening is actually the safest one. You just need to have courage and take the first step."
The young man thought about this. He realized that the old man was right. Often, our fears are much 42 ______ (big) than the actual danger. He took a deep breath and stepped onto the first stone. Then the second, and the third. Before he knew it, he had 43 ______ (successful) crossed the river.
He turned back to thank the old man, 44 ______ he had disappeared. The young man smiled. He knew he would never forget the lesson he 45 ______ (learn) that day.
答案： 36. had been damaged 37. how 38. lying 39. were 40. but 41. that/which 42. bigger 43. successfully 44. but 45. had learned/learnt
解析： 36. had been damaged。桥在年轻人到达之前就被暴风雨破坏了，过去的过去，用过去完成时被动语态。 37. how。宾语从句中缺方式状语，用 how 引导。 38. lying。stones lying in the water 躺在水中的石头，现在分词作后置定语。 39. were。描述过去的状态，用一般过去时。 40. but。前后转折关系。 41. that/which。定语从句修饰 path，在从句中作主语。 42. bigger。much 修饰比较级 bigger。 43. successfully。修饰动词 crossed 用副词。 44. but。前后转折，但老人已经消失了。 45. had learned/learnt。lesson 是在那天学到的，过去的过去，用过去完成时。
第四部分 写作（共30分）
A. 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误仅限1词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Peter,
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learning Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you'll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your classmates. Then it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more easy. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Try and write to me in Chinese next time.
I hope the suggestions will be of great helpful to you.
Best wishes!
Yours, Li Hua
答案：
- learning → learn（how to do sth.）
- for → about/on（ask for 索要，ask about/on 询问关于……）
- Then → Second（与 First 对应）
- it → which（非限制性定语从句）或去掉 it，改为 this
- possible 前加 is（whenever it is possible）
- should → may/might（建议语气）或去掉 should
- easy → easily（修饰动词用副词）
- more → many 或 some（Chinese friends 不需要比较级）
- Try and → Try to（try to do sth.）
- helpful → help（be of great help = be very helpful）
（注：实际修改以试卷要求为准，以上为常见错误点）
B. 书面表达（满分20分）
假定你是李华，你校将举办以"环保"为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
- 环保的重要性；
- 身边存在的环境问题（至少两个）；
- 你的建议（至少两条）。
注意：
- 词数100左右；
- 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
- 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear teachers and classmates,
I'm Li Hua. It's my honor to speak here. The topic of my speech is "Protect Our Earth".
Thank you for listening!
参考范文：
Dear teachers and classmates,
I'm Li Hua. It's my honor to speak here. The topic of my speech is "Protect Our Earth".
Our earth is the only home we have, but it is facing serious environmental problems. First, air pollution has become increasingly severe in many cities. The sky is often grey, and people have to wear masks when going outside. Second, water pollution is also worrying. Many rivers and lakes have been polluted by industrial waste, and some are even covered with rubbish.
As students, we should take action to protect our environment. First, we should reduce the use of plastic bags and bottles. We can bring our own shopping bags and water bottles instead. Second, we should save water and electricity in our daily life. Turn off the tap when brushing teeth and switch off lights when leaving the classroom. Third, we should plant more trees and take good care of them.
Remember: every small action counts. If everyone does their part, we can make a big difference. Let's work together to protect our earth and create a better future!
Thank you for listening!
评分标准：
- 内容完整，要点齐全（8分）
- 语言准确，句式丰富（6分）
- 逻辑清晰，过渡自然（4分）
- 书写规范，词数适当（2分）
听力原文（供教师使用或学生自测参考）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1 M: What kind of music do you like, Mary? W: I prefer music that I can dance to. What about you, Tom? M: I like music that has great lyrics.
Text 2 W: You're supposed to bow when you meet someone in Japan. M: Really? I thought shaking hands was more common. W: No, bowing is the traditional way.
Text 3 M: Why do you look so sad? W: That movie made me cry. It was so moving. M: Oh, I don't like movies that make me sad.
Text 4 W: Did you catch the train yesterday? M: No. By the time I got to the station, it had already left. W: That's too bad.
Text 5 M: What are you doing, Lily? W: I'm reading a book about environmental protection. It says we should try to save the earth. M: That's true. We should all do our part.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 W: Excuse me, could you tell me how to improve my English listening? M: Sure. I think you should listen to English songs and watch English movies. W: That's a good idea. Anything else? M: You can also listen to English news every morning. It really helps.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 M: Have you ever been to a foreign country? W: Yes, I went to the UK last summer. M: Really? What surprised you most there? W: Well, I was surprised that people say "excuse me" almost everywhere. And they always queue up patiently. M: That sounds very polite.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 W: Why were you late for school this morning, Jack? M: I'm sorry, Ms. Lee. My alarm didn't go off, so I overslept. W: Did you miss the bus? M: Yes. By the time I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left. So I had to wait for the next one. W: I see. Please try to be on time tomorrow. M: I will. I'm really sorry.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。 M: Hey, Lucy. Are you going to the graduation ceremony? W: Of course! I can't believe we're graduating. M: Me neither. I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7. Time flies! W: Yes. I'm going to miss everyone so much. M: We'll always be friends. And we can keep in touch through social media. W: That's true. Let's make a promise to meet again in ten years! M: Great idea! I'm looking forward to it.
七、参考答案与解析
各题型答案汇总
词汇运用
- lyrics 2. moving 3. to arrive 4. excited 5. had; left 6. was built 7. studying 8. to work 9. seeing 10. discussing
语法选择 1-20题 1-5: BCCDC 6-10: CABAC 11-15: AACAA 16-20: BC AAD
完形填空 A篇（Unit 9 话题） 1-5: B A A B B 6-10: A D C B C 11-15: D B A D C
完形填空 B篇（Unit 13 话题） 1-5: B A C A C 6-10: A B A C D
阅读理解 A篇：1-5 B C B B C B篇：1-5 B B B D C C篇：答案见前文
七选五 16-20: CFADE
期末综合复习题阅读理解 A篇（Test Anxiety）：1-5 CADBD B篇（Technology in Education）：6-10 B B A B C C篇（Growth Mindset）：11-15 C B C D C
期末综合复习题完形填空 21-25: A B C C D 26-30: A B C A C 31-35: A B B C B
语法填空 36. had been damaged 37. how 38. lying 39. were 40. but 41. that/which 42. bigger 43. successfully 44. but 45. had learned/learnt
句型转换（答案见前文各题）
书面表达（参考范文见前文）
附录：重点语法速查表
定语从句关系代词速查
| 情况 | 关系代词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 先行词是人，作主语 | who / that | The man who/that spoke is my teacher. |
| 先行词是人，作宾语 | whom / who / that / 省略 | The man (whom/who/that) I met is kind. |
| 先行词是物，作主语 | which / that | The book which/that is on the desk is mine. |
| 先行词是物，作宾语 | which / that / 省略 | The book (which/that) I bought is interesting. |
| 先行词是人/物，作定语 | whose | The boy whose father is a doctor studies hard. |
| 先行词既有人又有物 | that | He talked of the men and books that he had seen. |
只能用 that 的五种情况
- 先行词是不定代词：all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等
- 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰
- 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰
- 先行词既有人又有物
- 主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句
被动语态时态一览表
| 时态 | 被动结构 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般现在时 | am/is/are + done | English is spoken widely. |
| 一般过去时 | was/were + done | The car was repaired yesterday. |
| 一般将来时 | will be + done | The problem will be solved. |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are being + done | A house is being built. |
| 过去进行时 | was/were being + done | The road was being repaired. |
| 现在完成时 | have/has been + done | The work has been finished. |
| 过去完成时 | had been + done | He said the letter had been sent. |
| 情态动词 | can/must/should + be + done | It must be done today. |
常见接 doing 的动词/短语
enjoy, finish, practice, keep, mind, suggest, consider, miss, imagine, avoid, can't help, feel like, give up, put off, be busy, be used to, look forward to, be worth, have fun, have trouble/difficulty, spend time (in), waste time (in), What/How about..., thanks for, apologize for, be good at, be interested in, be fond of, be proud of, be afraid of, be tired of, be keen on, prevent/stop/keep...from
常见接 to do 的动词/短语
want, hope, wish, decide, agree, refuse, promise, plan, afford, manage, happen, seem, fail, learn, offer, prepare, would like, ask, tell, invite, encourage, warn, order, remind, teach, advise, persuade, expect, pretend, used to, be glad to, be sorry to, be ready to, be willing to, can't wait to, have no choice but to
doing 与 to do 含义不同的动词
| 动词 | doing | to do |
|---|---|---|
| remember | 记得做过 | 记得去做 |
| forget | 忘了做过 | 忘了去做 |
| regret | 后悔做过 | 遗憾要做/告诉 |
| stop | 停止正在做的事 | 停下来去做另一件事 |
| try | 试着做 | 努力/试图做 |
| mean | 意味着 | 打算 |
| go on | 继续做同一件事 | 接着做另一件事 |
拓展提高训练
一、语法提升练习
用适当的关系代词填空，必要时填"that"或"省略"
- The girl ______ you saw at the meeting is a famous singer.
- The man ______ car was stolen has reported it to the police.
- This is the most interesting book ______ I have ever read.
- All ______ glitters is not gold.
- Who is the man ______ is standing at the gate?
- The reason ______ he was late was that he missed the bus.
- I'll never forget the day ______ I first met you.
- This is the factory ______ we visited last year.
- The boy ______ mother is a doctor is my classmate.
- I have two brothers, ______ of them are college students.
答案：
- 省略/whom/who/that 2. whose 3. that 4. that 5. that 6. why 7. when 8. which/that/省略 9. whose 10. both（逗号后不能用 that，这是并列句不是定语从句）
二、翻译练习（中译英）
- 我喜欢我可以跟着一起唱的音乐。
- 在日本，你应该鞠躬。
- 悲伤的电影使我哭泣。
- 到我起床的时候，我哥哥已经在洗澡了。
- 我们应该努力拯救地球。
- 我记得七年级时认识你们所有人。
- 我后悔没有更努力学习。
- 我期待着再次见到你。
- 这台电脑被用来处理数据。
- 他在做作业时睡着了。
参考答案：
- I like music that I can sing along with.
- You're supposed to bow in Japan.
- Sad movies make me cry.
- By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
- We should try to save the earth.
- I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.
- I regret not studying harder.
- I'm looking forward to seeing you again.
- This computer is used to process data.
- He fell asleep while doing his homework.
三、写作素材积累
环保话题常用表达：
- environmental protection 环境保护
- reduce pollution 减少污染
- recycle waste materials 回收废弃物
- save energy 节约能源
- protect wildlife 保护野生动物
- global warming 全球变暖
- take action 采取行动
- make a difference 产生影响
- sustainable development 可持续发展
- raise public awareness 提高公众意识
毕业话题常用表达：
- graduation ceremony 毕业典礼
- look back on 回顾
- be proud of 为……骄傲
- be thankful to 感谢
- move on to 迈向
- face new challenges 面对新挑战
- cherish the memories 珍惜回忆
- wish sb. the best 祝某人一切顺利
- say goodbye to 向……告别
- start a new journey 开始新的旅程
礼仪文化话题常用表达：
- social customs 社会习俗
- table manners 餐桌礼仪
- be supposed to 应该
- be expected to 被期望
- shake hands 握手
- bow to 向……鞠躬
- be polite to 对……有礼貌
- cultural differences 文化差异
- show respect 表示尊重
- be rude to 对……无礼
文档结束